What is Neospora caninum in cattle?
Neospora caninum is a protozoal parasite and one of the most important infectious causes of abortion in cattle worldwide. Neosporosis in cattle is closely associated with reproductive loss and herd-level economic impact. Dogs are the definitive host.
How do cattle become infected with Neospora?
Cattle infection occurs through:
- Ingestion of feed or water contaminated with parasite oocysts shed by dogs
- Vertical transmission from dam to fetus during pregnancy
Neospora-associated abortion in cattle most commonly occurs in mid-gestation.
What does a positive Neospora test mean?
A positive antibody test indicates exposure to Neospora caninum but does not always confirm that it caused a specific abortion event. Diagnosis must be interpreted alongside herd history, abortion timing, and fetal testing when available.
How can Neospora abortion in cattle be controlled?
Key control strategies include:
- Preventing dog access to feed, placental tissues, and aborted fetuses
- Improving biosecurity and sanitation practices
- Managing replacement heifers carefully in infected herds
Acknowledgment
This FAQ was developed using content from WSU’s Veterinary Medicine Extension.
This information is not meant to be a substitute for veterinary care. Always follow the instructions provided by your veterinarian. Washington State University assumes no liability for injury to you or your animals incurred by following these descriptions or procedures.